Short Vowel Word Families and Fluency Phrases Free
Curt & Long English Vowels
The English vowels are A, E, I, O, & U. (Sometimes Y is a vowel, pronounced equally if it were I. Sometimes Due west substitutes for U, especially in the digraph 'ow.') Each vowel can be pronounced in several means.This page explains when each sound is commonly used.
(Near of this information applies to English in general, though the exact sounds differ slightly. For vowel digraphs & R-controlled vowels, I'chiliad describing general American English language, That'south what the video demonstrates. British & Australian forms tin be quite different, so the IPA symbols may also vary.)
Utilize these links to jump to a section lower down on the page:
- Long vowels
- Examples comparison long and short vowels (and showing the effect of the silent 'e')
- Other Vowel sounds (including those afflicted by a following 'R')
- More information on vowel sounds & spellings.
Short Vowels
The almost common sound for each vowel is its "short" sound:
- ă, pronounced /æ/ as in apple, pan, or mat,
- ĕ, pronounced /ɛ/as in elephant, pen, or met,
- ĭ, pronounced /ɪ/as in insect, pin, or mitt,
- ŏ, pronounced /ɑ/as in o ctopus, ostrich, upon, or thousandotto,
- and ŭ, pronounced /ʌ/ as in umbrella, pun, or mutt.
(The International Phonetic Alphabet symbol for each sound is inside the backslashes://. Yous exercisenon need to empathize the IPA symbols; just look for an example give-and-take you know how to pronounce. For those who desire more, this Wikipedia article gives a adequately unproblematic demonstration of the IPA as used in English language. Information technology links to more detailed information.)
We call these vowel sounds "short," but they are not all spoken more than rapidly than the "long" sounds. Nevertheless, information technology'southward important to learn to pronounce these five sounds, because each is the most common sound for its letter. The main rules for when to use them and when to employ "long" vowel sounds utilize to all five of them.
When syllables end in a vowel so consonant (as in the examples in a higher place), the vowel is commonly short. If the vowel is followed by more than than one consonant, it is nearalways short.
This becomes of import as a way to keep the same vowel sound when adding -ed to put a verb into the past tense. We often double an catastrophe consonant to go on a short vowel short. For example, the by tense of 'stop' is 'stopped.' Otherwise the silent 'e' dominion below (which also applies when followed by 'd') would requite it a long 'o' sound like lather or hope. See theElementary Past Tense explanation of spelling changes.
Long Vowels
The alphabet sounds (when the vowel "says its proper noun") are called "long vowels."
We call them 'long' because we hold them slightly longer than the short sounds.
However, they are completely different sounds-- non a longer version of the aforementioned sound.
- Long A (ā), pronounced /eɪ/ equally in late or mate,
- Long East (ē), pronounced /iː/ as in eat or meat (or encounter or mete-- all pronounced the same),
- Long I (ī), pronounced /aɪ/ every bit in mite or might,
- Long O (ō), pronounced /oʊ/ every bit in oats, mote or moat, and
- Long U (ū), pronounced /juː/ equally in mute or / uː/ every bit in blue .
Silent 'Eastward' Rule: When a vowel and single consonant are followed past an 'e' (in the aforementioned syllable), the 'eastward' is almost always silent, but it causes the preceding vowel to be long. (Examples: ate, airplane, Pete, bite, 9, rope, note, cube, flute.)
In that location are just a fewexceptions, nearly involving a 've' or an 'ne': to a higher place, dove (the bird), give, have, live (the verb), beloved, motility, prove, solve, etc. A few others: are, come, done, gone, none, and one, also as role.
Those words are common, but many more -ve, -1 words, & -ice are long: cove, swoop, dove (the past tense), drive, drove, five, gave, grove, hive, knives, live (the adjective), pave, revive, save, stove, strive, survive, thrive, alone, bone, cone, phone, stone, tone, & advice, dice, ice, nice, price, rice, etc.
Other Long Vowels: A vowel at the finish of a syllable is virtually always long. Examples: I, we, he, she, go, try, white potato and tomato plant. (Some English speakers use a curt 'a' in the 2d syllable, while others use a long 'a,' but both 'o's are long for everyone.)
-Igh and -ight are ordinarily long I (and silent GH): bright, fight, high, lite, might, nighttime, correct, sigh, sight, tight.
Ofttimes the offset letter of the vowel combinations, especially 'ai', 'ay', 'ea' (sometimes-- see Digraphs, beneath), 'ee', & 'oa,' volition be long & the 2nd volition exist silent. (An old rhyme for children says "when two vowels go walking, the first does the talking.") So 'plain' sounds exactly like 'plane,' 'meat' and 'meet' like 'mete,' etc.
Notwithstanding, at that place are many exceptions. (See the link to English Vowel Digraphs, at the bottom of this folio, for the most mutual ones.)
Listen to Some Words with Short & Long Vowels
Here's a demonstration of words mentioned in a higher place-- & more.
Common Examples: Short and Long Vowels
These contrasts demonstrate the rules (in each cavalcade, first short, then long):
|
|
| A: short dorsum snack fad mad Sam can plan tap at E: brusk bed Ben men 10 bet set I: short lick hid slid dim fin lit sit O: short rob hop mop cot not U: short cub tub hug cut | A: long broil snake fade fabricated/maid same cane plainly/plane tape ate East: long dewdrop edible bean mean teen beat/beet seat I: long similar hide slide dime fine light/lite sight/site O: long robe promise mope coat notation U: long cube tube huge beautiful |
Other English Vowel Sounds
Also the long and brusk sounds, there are other sounds English vowels can make.
Many vowels in unaccented syllables have a neutral or "schwa" /ə/ sound. Examples: the 'a' in above or approve, the 'eastward' in blow, photographic camera or mathematics, the 'i' in family unit or officeholder, the 'o' in freedom or purpose, or the 'u' in manufacture or succeed.
In the U.Southward., this is very close to the short 'U' sound. I can't hear the divergence, except that the vowels are ofttimes harder to hear at all in unaccented syllables.
Vowel Digraphs
Two vowels written together (digraphs) may be a diphthong, combining the two sounds, (like the oi/oy in boy, point, or ointment).
They may instead be pronounced in various other ways, depending on the combination.
Some (like ai or ay, ea, ee, or oa), use the long (or in a few cases the short) sounds to a higher place.
Others (au/aw, oo, and ou or ow) may use these sounds or others. SeeVowel Digraphs for a total caption.
R-Controlled Vowels
if avowel comes earlier R , it changes in quality, and is neither long nor short. (ER, IR, and UR are often -- though not always--the same sound.)
Examples with phonetic symbols:
- /ɑr/ -- arm, car, charge, night, subcontract, start
- /ɛər/-- air, aware, bare/bear, hair, spare, tear (pull apart paper or fabric), there, very, where
- /ɪər/-- beer, ear, hear/hither, about, tear (from crying)
- /ɜr/ -- curt, discern, kickoff, fern, herd, injure, earth, mirth, service, slur, whirl, worry, worth
- /ər/ -- baker, better, bigger, doctor, alphabetic character, smaller, summer
- /ɔr/ -- course, for (or four), of import, more than, north, or, source, war (or wore), your (or yous're)
Exceptions, Dialects, & Help
Quite a few common words spelled with 'O' are pronounced with a short 'U' sound: of, love, coin, other, some, son. (That means some and sum are homophones: they sound the same. So are son and sun.) Meet the course below for more examples and practice.
Different English dialects pronounce certain vowels differently than the general rules given in a higher place. For example, in California and much of the U.S., the 'a' in 'father' or 'want' sounds similar the 'au' in 'sound' or the brusque 'o' in 'pot' or 'hot.' In many other places that's not truthful.
Ate, the past tense of eat, is pronounced with a long 'a' (/eɪ/) in North America, just more than often as 'et' (with a short 'due east') in British English language.
Some other example: the/ɜr/ in bird, burn, earth, etc. is more often than not pronounced /ər/ in the U.Southward. and some other areas.
Don't worry about these differences. English speakers can almost always sympathise people speaking other dialects of English. If you live in any expanse for a while, y'all'll exist able to conform to them-- and virtually are notvery different.
For the exact pronunciation of any English vowels, consult a good lexicon. Near list the sound symbols they use on one of the front pages. Proficient online dictionaries like the Oxford Advanced Learner'south Dictionary will let yous listen to the pronunciation. (This dictionary gives both British and American pronunciations of each word.)
Updated Course on English Vowel Sounds & Spellings
Are you interested in learning more about the human relationship between English vowel sounds and spellings?
At that place take been and so many positive comments on this page that I designed a brusque course about it. I recently improved it and as well added a section on words of more than than 1-syllable, especially some important bookish words. Knowing which syllable to stress can make these words much simpler to pronounce (and to spell).
The course tin help you recognize more of the words you know when y'all read them. It volition besides assistance you lot spell better and pronounce new words. Learn more and sign up hither.
If in that location are sure things y'all especially want to learn about vowel sounds or spelling, you tin can too leave a comment or question in the box below.
If you lot would similar, y'all can download a pdf summary on short & long English vowels (as requested in the comments). (It includes color images to help you recognize each sound, as described in the grade information above. The course has more details. Information technology also has information & practice on R-controlled vowels and other vowel sounds: au, oi, oo, ou and more.)
Because English language has adopted words (and often some of their sounds), from so many other languages, none of these rules is always true.
However, these English vowel rules will help you estimate at the pronunciation of words you lot read. For that reason, they may also assistance yous gauge their meaning, if you have heard them simply not read them earlier. They should also help brand English language spelling a little easier.
English spellings and pronunciations are complicated-- almost crazy! Information technology helps to take a skilful humor and not worry too much near them. Larn them when yous take a gamble. If y'all need to know a pronunciation, bank check a lexicon! That'due south the ane really safe rule.
* This color vowel chart has more than information & links on remembering vowel sounds by using colors.
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ESL Phonics lists the basic sounds of each alphabetic character, with examples.
They all tin help yous pronounce what you read-- or spell what you can say.
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